Usually used in reference to a computer application Application software is any tool that functions and is operated by means of a computer, with the purpose of supporting or improving the software user's work. In other words, it is the subclass of computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly and thoroughly to a task that the user wishes to perform. This should be, especially a computer game A personal computer game is a game played on a personal computer, rather than on a video game console or arcade machine. Computer games have evolved from the simple graphics and gameplay of early titles like Spacewar!, to a wide range of more visually advanced titles, a text-based application Application software is any tool that functions and is operated by means of a computer, with the purpose of supporting or improving the software user's work. In other words, it is the subclass of computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly and thoroughly to a task that the user wishes to perform. This should be is one whose primary input and output are based on text In computer and machine-based telecommunications terminology, a character is a unit of information that roughly corresponds to a grapheme, grapheme-like unit, or symbol, such as in an alphabet or syllabary in the written form of a natural language rather than graphics Graphics are visual presentations on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, computer screen, paper, or stone to brand, inform, illustrate, or entertain. Examples are photographs, drawings, Line Art, graphs, diagrams, typography, numbers, symbols, geometric designs, maps, engineering drawings, or other images. Graphics often combine text,. This does not mean that text-based applications do not have graphics, just that the graphics are secondary to the text.
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History
Before the 1980s, most computers A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a set of instructions were text-based. The operator A role within IT, computer operators oversee the running of computer systems, ensuring that the machines are running and physically secured. The traditional role of a computer operator was to work with mainframes which required a great deal of management day-to-day. Computer operator positions are distinct from system administrators in that they used the keyboard In computing, a keyboard is an input device, partially modeled after the typewriter keyboard, which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys, which act as mechanical levers or electronic switches. A keyboard typically has characters engraved or printed on the keys and each press of a key typically corresponds to a single written symbol. However, to as the main input device An input device is any peripheral used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system (such as a computer). Input and output devices make up the hardware interface between a computer as a scanner or 6DOF controller to type in necessary commands into the terminal A computer terminal is an electronic or electromechanical hardware device that is used for entering data into, and displaying data from, a computer or a computing system. Early terminals were inexpensive devices but very slow compared to punch cards or paper tape for input, but as the technology improved and video displays were introduced, that could only display text on a low-resolution monochrome video monitor A video monitor also called a broadcast monitor, broadcast reference monitor or just reference monitor, is a device similar to a television, used to monitor the output of a video-generating device, such as a media playout server, IRD, video camera, VCR, or DVD player. It may or may not have audio monitoring capability. Unlike a television, a video. The majority of end-user software was also written in text-based mode during this time. During this era, operating a computer was considered to be a challenging task because of the complexity of the text-based environment.
However, with the development of the graphical user interface A graphical user interface is a type of user interface which allows people to interact with electronic devices such as computers; hand-held devices such as MP3 Players, Portable Media Players or Gaming devices; household appliances and office equipment with images rather than text commands. A GUI offers graphical icons, and visual indicators, as and the improvement in hardware, many software engineers A software engineer is a person who applies the principles of software engineering to the design, development, testing, and evaluation of the software and systems that make computers or anything containing software, such as chips work started adding graphics for their applications. As a result, the pointing device that controls the coordination of the cursor on the screen became a primary input source (such as a mouse In computing, a mouse is a pointing device that functions by detecting two-dimensional motion relative to its supporting surface. Physically, a mouse consists of an object held under one of the user's hands, with one or more buttons. It sometimes features other elements, such as "wheels", which allow the user to perform various system-), and the graphics displayed with some text on the screen became a primary output source.
In modern computers, text-based software, usually accessed by the terminal or a console window, still exists in Unix Unix is a computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs, including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna. Today's Unix systems are split into various branches, developed over time by AT&T as well as various commercial vendors and non-profit organizations and Linux Linux is a generic term referring to Unix-like computer operating systems based on the Linux kernel. Their development is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source software collaboration; typically all the underlying source code can be used, freely modified, and redistributed by anyone under the terms of the GNU GPL and other free operating systems An operating system is an interface between hardware and user; an OS is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of the computer. The operating system acts as a host for computing applications that are run on the machine. As a host, one of the purposes of an operating system is to handle the. Some system commands on the Windows Microsoft Windows is a series of software operating systems and graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. Microsoft first introduced an operating environment named Windows in November 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal platform are also written as text-based programs because of their capabilities in handling powerful procedures with fewer system resources. However, the majority of the operations on a modern computer can be done without involving text-based software.
When the method used to access the operating system itself is text-based, the interface is usually referred to as a Command Line Interface A command-line interface is a mechanism for interacting with a computer operating system or software by typing commands to perform specific tasks. This text-only interface contrasts with the use of a mouse pointer with a graphical user interface (GUI) to click on options, or menus on a text user interface (TUI) to select options (CLI). This is usually bash Bash is a free software Unix shell written for the GNU Project. Its name is an acronym which stands for Bourne-again shell. The name is a pun on the name of the Bourne shell , an early and important Unix shell written by Stephen Bourne and distributed with Version 7 Unix circa 1978, and "born again". Bash was created in 1987 by Brian Fox in Linux and UNIX-based systems, and was once DOS DOS, short for "Disk Operating System", is a shorthand term for several closely related operating systems that dominated the IBM PC compatible market between 1981 and 1995, or until about 2000 if one includes the partially DOS-based Microsoft Windows versions Windows 95, 98, and Me in Microsoft based systems.
Benefits of text-based software
Text-based applications typically run faster than software involving graphics does. Text-based applications run faster because the machine does not expend resources on processing the graphics, which generally requires more system resources than text does. For the same reason, text-based applications use memory more efficiently.
Command line interfaces often provide the user more control on the software than a graphical user interface A graphical user interface is a type of user interface which allows people to interact with electronic devices such as computers; hand-held devices such as MP3 Players, Portable Media Players or Gaming devices; household appliances and office equipment with images rather than text commands. A GUI offers graphical icons, and visual indicators, as, by taking all the details of a command as parameters and/or by redirecting the outputs between commands. Since the available parameters are not explicitly enumerated, the application can accept many more options than an equivalent GUI-based software: a high number of options in a GUI would make it too complex and impractical, but that doesn't happen in a CLI. Thus the text-based input can provide more flexibility at the cost of learnability and a burden Instruction may be aimed at teaching learners problem solving skills, thinking and reasoning skills Many would agree that people learn better when they can build on what they already understand (known as a schema), but the more a person has to learn in a shorter amount of time, the more difficult it is to process that information in working memory on user's memory.
As a result, text-based software can offer more powerful features than graphic-based software, such as combining the command using a pipeline In software engineering, a pipeline consists of a chain of processing elements , arranged so that the output of each element is the input of the next. Usually some amount of buffering is provided between consecutive elements. The information that flows in these pipelines is often a stream of records, bytes or bits that allows output of the first command to be used as the input of the next command. Using this, a complex operation can be accomplished in a single command line A command-line interface is a mechanism for interacting with a computer operating system or software by typing commands to perform specific tasks. This text-only interface contrasts with the use of a mouse pointer with a graphical user interface (GUI) to click on options, or menus on a text user interface (TUI) to select options using a sequence of commands connected together in a pipeline.
In certain circumstances, text-based application offers faster user interaction than the graphic-based software does. Assuming that the user is fluent with typing, the user can enter faster commands faster than when using the graphical interface, because the users do not have to move their hands from the keyboard to enter different commands.
Limitations of text-based software
Many users may not find an application with a text-based interface very user-friendly.[citation needed] This is especially true for beginning computer users.[citation needed] While the user may learn how to operate the software by simply playing around or navigating through given options, a text-based system usually requires users to have a more detailed understanding of the commands.[citation needed] Many text-based applications have a menu or help system that shows the user some (or all) of the available options of the software.
Text-based software also has limitations on its output as well.[citation needed] Text-based output may not be considered very attractive to many users, and may be difficult to understand (compared to an output involving graphics).[citation needed]
Therefore, certain operations cannot be implemented using text-based software, due its limitation of range in its input and output.[citation needed]
See also
- Text-based game
- Text user interface TUI short for: Text User Interface or Textual User Interface , is a retronym that was coined sometime after the invention of graphical user interfaces, to distinguish them from text-based user interfaces. TUIs are different from command-line interfaces in that, like GUIs, they use the entire screen area and do not necessarily provide line-by-line
- Console application A console application is a computer program designed to be used via a text-only computer interface, such as a text terminal, the command line interface of some operating systems or the text-based interface included with some Graphical User Interface (GUI) operating systems, such as the Win32 console in Microsoft Windows. A user typically interacts
- Box drawing characters Box drawing characters, also known as line drawing characters, or pseudographics, are widely used in text user interfaces to draw various frames and boxes. In graphical user interfaces these characters are much less useful, because it is much simpler to draw lines and rectangles directly with graphical APIs; besides, box drawing characters work
References
Categories: User interface techniques
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